The importance of clean uncontaminated air in the processes of industrial work environment is well known. Modern industry with its complexity of operations and processes uses an increasing number of chemical compounds and substances, many of which are highly toxic. The use of these materials may result in particulates, gases, vapours, and mists in the workroom air in concentrations that exceed safe levels. Heat and noise stress can also result in usage or uncomfortable work environments. Effective, well-designed ventilation offers a solution to these problems where workers’ protection and safety are paramount.
Exhaust ventilation systems are used to remove the contaminants generated by an operation to maintain a healthy work environment.
General exhaust systems can be used for heat control and removal of contaminants generated in space by flushing out a given space with large quantities of air. Contaminated air is usually discharged into the atmosphere.
Local ventilation, dust and fume extraction systems operate on the principle of capturing a contaminant at or near its source. It is the preferred method of control because it is more effective and the smaller exhaust flow rate results in lower heating costs compared to high flow rate general exhaust requirements.
Ventilation systems are comprised of:
The purpose of the hood is to collect the contaminant at the source. The ducting system transports the contaminated air to the filter if required, or to the fan. If a filter is required, the contaminant is removed from the air stream.
The fan must overcome all the losses due to friction, hood entry, bends and fittings while producing the intended flow rate. The duct on the fan outlet usual discharges the air to the atmosphere.